Ingcaciso yamandla elanga kunye nemizekelo kunye nokusetyenziswa

Ingcaciso yamandla elanga kunye nemizekelo kunye nokusetyenziswa
Inkcazo yamandla elanga ngamandla avela elangeni kwaye sikwazi ukubamba enkosi kwimitha yelanga. Ingcinga yamandla elanga ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kumandla ombane okanye ashushu afunyanwayo esebenzisa imitha yelanga.

Lo mthombo wamandla umele umthombo wamandla ophambili emhlabeni. Kuba ngumthombo ongapheliyo, kuthathwa njengamandla ahlaziyiweyo.

Kula mandla, amanye imithombo yamandla amanye afumaneka, anje:

Amandla omoya, esebenzisa amandla omoya. Umoya uveliswa xa ilanga likhetha umoya omkhulu womoya.
I-fossil fuels: zivela kwinkqubo emide kakhulu yokulungisa amasuntswana endalo. Iingxaki zezinto eziphilayo zazizizityalo.
Amandla e-hydraulic, esebenzisa amandla emanzi anokubakho. Ngaphandle kwemitha yelanga, umjikelo wamanzi awuyi kuba nakho.
Amandla avela kwi-biomass, kwakhona, sisiphumo sephothintlenthesi yezityalo.
Olu hlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo yinye indlela yefosili engayikhupheli igesi eluhlaza igesi elinjengekhabhoni.

Imizekelo yamandla elanga
Eminye imizekelo yamandla elanga ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iiphaneli ze-phonevlic solar zivelisa umbane; La maziko asetyenziswa kumakhaya, amaziko okhuseleko eentaba, njl.
Izityalo zamandla ePhotovoltaic: zizongezwa ezibalulekileyo kwiiphaneli ze-PV zinenjongo yazo kukuvelisa umbane ukubonelela ngegridi yombane.
Iimoto zelanga zisebenzisa iiseli ze-PV zokuguqula imitha yelanga ukuba ibe ngumbane ukuqhuba imoto yombane.
Abaphakeki bolar: zenziwe ngenkqubo ye-parabolic ukugxila ukukhanya kwelanga ukuya kwinqanaba lokuphakamisa ubushushu kwaye bakwazi ukupheka.
Iinkqubo zokufudumeza: Ngamandla e-solar ye-solar, ulwelo lunokufudunyelwa lungasetyenziswa kwisekethe yokufudumeza.
Ukufudumeza ukutya okufudumeleyo yisekethe elula ye-fluid apho amanzi ajikeleza khona ecaleni kweseti yabaqokeleli belanga elityhilwe elangeni.
Iziqulatho: Ezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki zinephaneli encinci yelanga ukubonelela ngamandla kwisekethe yombane.
I-solar yomoya luhlobo lwamandla elanga elisebenzisa ubushushu belanga ukuba livele indawo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kumakhaya nakwizakhiwo zokuphucula umgangatho womoya kwaye zinciphise iindleko zamandla. I-solar yomoya unokusetyenziselwa ukwehla igumbi elinye okanye isakhiwo sonke.
Ifotosinthesis yindlela yendalo esetyenziselwa ukuguqula amandla elanga kube namandla echiyi.
Iindidi zamandla elanga
Zintathu iintlobo zetekhnoloji yamandla eSolar:

I-Photovoltaic Solar AMANZI: Iiphaneli ze-PV Solar ziqulunqe umxholo wokuba, xa i-SOR RODAS FARD, ikhuphe i-elektroni yemitha, ikhuphe i-elektroni kwaye ivelise umbane wangoku.
Amandla elanga leSolar: Le nkqubo ithatha ithuba lobushushu obushushu belanga. Imitha yelanga iguqulwa ibe ngamandla e-thermal yokutshisa ulwelo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi ashushu asekhaya. Kwizityalo zamandla eSolar, i-Steam ivelisiwe kwaye, emva koko, umbane.
Amandla e-SOLL yelanga sisixhobo sokuthatha ithuba lokutshisa ilanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo zangaphandle. Umzekelo, izixhobo zoyilo zinako izindlu ze-Oriest kwaye zithathe isigqibo sokuba ziphinde zefake iWindows, ukuthathela ingqalelo apho kuya kufumaneka khona imitha yelanga. Obu buchule baziwa njengoyilo lwe-biocrotic.
Iveliswa njani amandla elanga?
Ukusuka kwimbono yomzimba, amandla elanga aveliswa elangeni ngokulandelelana kwendlela yenyukliya. Xa la mandla esiya esemhlabeni, sinokusisebenzisa ngeendlela ezininzi:

Iiphaneli zelanga kunye neeseli ze-photvoltaic. Iiphaneli zefotovoltaic zenziwa ngezinto ezithi, xa zifumana ukukhanya, ngokuthe ngqo kwaye kukhutshe i-elektroni. Ngale ndlela, imitha yelanga iguqulwa ibe ngamandla ombane.
Sebenzisa abaqokeleli belanga abenzelwe ukuguqula imitha yelanga ngamandla eshushu. Injongo yayo kukufudumeza ulwelo olujikeleza ngaphakathi. Kule meko, asinawo umbane, kodwa sinamanzi kubushushu obuphezulu esinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi.
Amandla aqingqiweyo elanga yinkqubo ebonisa yonke imibane yelanga kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo ukufikelela kubushushu obuphezulu. Iteknoloji isetyenziswa kwizityalo ze-thermosor kwizizukulwana.
Iinkqubo zamandla e-solar zelanga zisebenzisa amandla elanga ngaphandle kwegalelo lamandla langaphandle. Umzekelo, uyilo loyilo luvumela i-radiation ye-solar ebusika kwaye uphephe ubushushu obugqithisileyo ehlotyeni.
Iindidi zeephaneli zelanga
Iiphaneli zekota zeSolar zisetyenziselwa iindlela zozibini (ifotovoltaic kunye ne-thermal). Ngayiphi na imeko, uyilo luhlukile ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni loluphi uhlobo lwetekhnoloji ye-SOAR luza kusetyenziselwa:

Iphaneli ye-solar yelanga isebenzisa imipu yelanga ukuba ifudusele ulwelo oludlulisela ubushushu kwi-fluid kwaye emva koko itshitshise amanzi. Izitshisi zamanzi elanga zisetyenziswa emakhaya ukuze ufumane amanzi ashushu.
Iphaneli yefotovoltaic isebenzisa iipropathi ze-semiconductor ethile ibekwe kwiiseli zelanga. Iiseli zelanga zivelisa amandla ombane xa uphantsi kwemitha yelanga. Enkosi ngokubizwa ngokuba sisiphumo se-photovoltaic, ukuveza ilanga kubangela ukuhamba kwe-elektroni kwicandelo (ngesiqhelo isilicon), ukuvelisa umbane oqhubekayo.
Iphaneli egxininilanga ye-solar ikwasebenzisa uthotho lwezi zibuko zeParabolic kunye nendlela yomgca. Injongo yezi zibuko kukugxila kwemitha yelanga kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo ukufikelela kubushushu obuphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba bavelise i-Steam.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga

Ukudibanisa amandla elanga: isikhokelo kwiifotovoltaics
Amandla elanga anezixhobo ezininzi kwaye izicelo ezinokushwankathelwa kumanqaku amathathu:

Amanzi ashushu asekhaya i-DHW
Ukufudumeza kwamanzi asetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi ashushu asekhaya (i-DHW) kunye nokufudumeza amakhaya kunye neendlela ezincinci zokwakha. Izityalo zamandla elanga zakhiwe ukuba, zisebenzisa i-turbines zeSoam, ziguqule ubushushu obugciniweyo bube ngumbane.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi prototypes azikhange zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusebenza okuphantsi kwezi zityalo zamandla zithelekiswa neendleko eziphakamileyo kunye nombane ongaqhelekanga.

Isizukulwana sombane
Iiphaneli zefotovoltaic zisetyenziswa kwiiNkqubo zeSlarna eziNyowu ezizixhobo zombane ezivela kwiinethiwekhi zombane (isithuba, isithuba esiphezulu, i-stal. Njl.). Ziyasetyenziswa nakwizicelo ezinokufunwa amandla aphantsi anje ukuba unxibelelwano kwigridi yombane ayinakuba yizoqoqosho (imiqondiso yokukhanya, iimitha zokupaka, njl. Njl.).

Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zixhotywe nge-accuculators ezinamandla okuqokelela umbane ogqithisileyo oveliswayo ngexesha lokunyusa izixhobo ebusuku nasemva kwexesha elinamafu.

Zikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezixhunyiweyo, nangona amandla ombane ahluka kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla kunye neemeko zexesha. Ke ngoko, kunzima ukuqikelela kwaye akunakufakwa.

Olo xesha lokuyeka lenza ukuba lucelomngeni ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yombane nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kwemveliso enomda omkhulu wokhuseleko ngaphezulu konyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba yingxondo yemveliso yezityalo zamandla elanga ehlotyeni, ilawula ukuthoba isidingo esikhulu sangaphakathi ngenxa ye-moya.

Zithini izinto ezilungileyo nezityhutywe namandla elanga?
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kubandakanya izinto ezithile ezithile kunye ne-CREAL.

Eyona nto igxekwayo okanye iziphoso zezi:

Ixabiso eliphezulu lotyalo-mali kwi-kilowatt nganye ifunyenwe.
Inika impumelelo enkulu kakhulu.
Intsebenzo efunyenweyo ixhomekeke kwiShedyuli yelanga, imozulu kunye nekhalenda. Ngesi sizathu, kunzima ukwazi ukuba loluphi amandla ombane esiya kuba nakho ukufumana umvuzo. Lo mzobo unyamalale neminye imithombo yamandla, efana nenyukliya okanye i-fossil amandla.
Inani lamandla oluthathayo ukwenza iphaneli yelanga. Ukuvelisa iiphaneli zefotovoltaic kufuna amandla amaninzi, zihlala zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla engahlaziyi evuselelekayo efana namalahle.
Kwelinye icala, kuya kufuneka uziqwalasele izibonelelo zamandla elanga:

Abaxhasi bayo baxhasa ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokufumana impumelelo ngenxa yezoqoqosho lwezezikali kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji kwiinkqubo zelanga zexesha elizayo.
Ngokuphathelele ukungabikho komthombo wamandla ebusuku, bakwabonisa ukuba eyona nto iphambili yokufumana umbane ifikelelwe phakathi kwemini, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lemveliso ephezulu yamandla elanga.
Ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Ngamanye amagama, ngokungakhathali.
AKUKHO BUNGOZI LOKUGQIBELA: Ayivelisi igesi legreenhouse kwaye, ke, ayinagalelo ekupheliseni ingxaki yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Umbhali: I-Oriol Chaas-Injineli yezobuchwephesha