Inkcazo yamandla eSolar eneMizekeliso kunye nokuSetyenziswa

Inkcazo yamandla elanga enemizekelo kunye nokusetyenziswa
Inkcazo yamandla elanga ngamandla avela eLangeni kwaye sinokubamba umbulelo kwimitha yelanga.Ingqikelelo yamandla elanga isoloko isetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kumandla ombane okanye obushushu afunyanwa kusetyenziswa imitha yelanga.

Lo mthombo wamandla umela owona mthombo wamandla ophambili eMhlabeni.Ngenxa yokuba ingumthombo ongacimiyo, ithathwa njengamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Kula mandla, kufumaneka eminye imithombo yamandla emininzi, efana nale:

Amandla omoya, asebenzisa amandla omoya.Umoya uveliswa xa iLanga lifudumeza umthamo omkhulu womoya.
Amafutha efosili: aphuma kwinkqubo ende kakhulu yokubola kwamasuntswana aphilayo.Izibolisi zendalo ubukhulu becala yayizizityalo ezenza ifotosynthesizing.
Amandla e-hydraulic, asebenzisa amandla anokubakho emanzini.Ngaphandle kwemitha yelanga, umjikelo wamanzi awunakwenzeka.
Amandla avela kwi-biomass, kwakhona, sisiphumo se-photosynthesis yezityalo.
Olu hlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lolunye lolunye kumafutha efosili angakhuphi iigesi zegreenhouse ezifana necarbon dioxide.

Imizekelo yaMandla eSolar
Eminye imizekelo yamandla elanga iquka oku kulandelayo:

Iiphaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic zivelisa umbane;ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kumakhaya, kwiindawo zokuhlala ezintabeni, njl.
Izityalo zamandla e-Photovoltaic: zizandiso ezibalulekileyo zeepaneli zePV ezinjongo yazo kukuvelisa umbane ukubonelela ngegridi yombane.
Iimoto zelanga zisebenzisa iiseli zePV ukuguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngumbane ukuqhuba imotor yombane.
Izipheki zelanga: zenziwe nge-parabolic system ukugxininisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuya kwinqanaba lokunyusa ubushushu kwaye bakwazi ukupheka.
Iinkqubo zokufudumeza: ngamandla obushushu belanga, ulwelo lunokufudunyezwa olunokusetyenziswa kwisekethe yokufudumeza.
Ukufudumeza idama lokuqubha lulwelo olulula lwesekethe apho amanzi ajikeleza kunye neqela labaqokeleli belanga elishushu elibekwe elangeni.
Iikhalityhuleyitha: Ezinye izixhobo zombane zinepaneli encinci yelanga ukunika amandla kwisekethe yombane.
I-Solar ventilation luhlobo lwamandla elanga asebenzisa ubushushu belanga ukukhupha umoya kwindawo ethile.Ihlala isetyenziselwa amakhaya kunye nezakhiwo ukuphucula umgangatho womoya kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla.Umoya welanga ungasetyenziselwa ukukhupha umoya kwigumbi elinye okanye isakhiwo siphela.
Ifotosinthesisi yindlela yendalo esetyenziswa zizityalo ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla ekhemikhali.
Iindidi zamandla elanga
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zetekhnoloji yamandla elanga:

Amandla elanga e-photovoltaic: Iipaneli zelanga zePV zenziwe ngezinto ezithi, xa imitha yelanga ibetha, ikhuphe ii-electron kwaye ivelise umbane.
Amandla elanga ashushu: Le nkqubo ithatha ithuba lobushushu bemitha yeLanga.Imitha yelanga iguqulwa ibe ngamandla ashushu ukufudumeza ulwelo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi ashushu asekhaya.Kwizityalo zamandla obushushu belanga, umphunga uyaveliswa kwaye, emva koko, umbane.
I-Passive solar energy sisixhobo sokusebenzisa ubushushu belanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo zangaphandle.Ngokomzekelo, abakhi bezakhiwo bayakwazi ukulungelelanisa izindlu baze bagqibe apho bafanele babeke khona iifestile, beqwalasela apho kuya kufunyanwa khona imisebe yelanga.Obu buchule bubizwa ngokuba yi-bioclimatic architecture.
Aveliswa Njani Amandla eSola?
Ukusuka kumbono womzimba, amandla elanga aveliswa eLangeni ngokulandelelana kweempendulo zenyukliya.Xa la mandla efikelela kuthi eMhlabeni, sinokuwasebenzisa ngeendlela ezininzi:

Iipaneli zelanga ezineeseli ze-photovoltaic.Iiphaneli ze-Photovoltaic zenziwe ngezinto ezinokuthi, xa zifumana ukukhanya, zifake i-ionize ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zikhuphe i-electron.Ngale ndlela, imitha yelanga iguqulwa ibe ngamandla ombane.
Ukusebenzisa abaqokeleli belanga abayilelwe ukuguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngamandla obushushu.Injongo yawo kukufudumeza ulwelo olujikeleza ngaphakathi.Kule meko, asinawo umbane, kodwa sinolwelo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu elinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi.
Amandla elanga agxininisiweyo yinkqubo ebonisa konke ukukhanya kwelanga kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo ukufikelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.Le teknoloji isetyenziswe kwizityalo ze-thermosolar zokuvelisa amandla.
Iinkqubo zamandla elanga ezingasebenziyo zisebenzisa amandla elanga ngaphandle kokufakwa kwamandla angaphandle.Umzekelo, uyilo loyilo luvumela ubuninzi bemitha yelanga ebusika kwaye kuthintelwe ubushushu obugqithisileyo ehlotyeni.
Iintlobo zeePaneli zeSolar
Igama elithi iipaneli zelanga zisetyenziselwa zombini iindlela (i-photovoltaic kunye ne-thermal).Ngayo nayiphi na imeko, uyilo lwahluke kakhulu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetekhnoloji yelanga eza kusetyenziselwa yona:

Iphaneli yobushushu belanga isebenzisa imitha yelanga ukufudumeza ulwelo oludlulisa ubushushu kulwelo luze lufudumeze amanzi.Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zisetyenziswa emakhayeni ukufumana amanzi ashushu.
Iphaneli ye-photovoltaic isebenzisa iipropati zezinto ezithile ze-semiconductor ezibekwe kwiiseli zelanga.Iiseli zelanga zivelisa amandla ombane xa ziphantsi kwemitha yelanga.Ngombulelo kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic effect, ukubonakaliswa kwelanga kubangela ukuhamba kwee-electron kwi-component (ngokuqhelekileyo i-silicon), ukuvelisa umbane oqhubekayo.
Iphaneli yelanga egxininisiweyo ikwasebenzisa uluhlu lwezibuko zeparabolic kunye nesakhiwo somgca.Injongo yezi zipili kukujolisa imitha yelanga kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo ukuze ifikelele kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikhuphe umphunga.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eSolar

Ukubophelela amandla eLanga: Isikhokelo kwi-Photovoltaics
Amandla elanga anokusetyenziswa okuninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokuthi kushwankathelwe ngamanqaku amathathu:

Amanzi ashushu asekhaya iDHW
Ukufudumeza kwamanzi ngelanga kusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi ashushu asekhaya (DHW) kunye nokufudumeza amakhaya kunye nezakhiwo ezincinci zezakhiwo.Izityalo zamandla elanga zakhiwe ukuze, kusetyenziswa iiinjini zomphunga, ziguqule ubushushu obugciniweyo bube ngumbane.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi prototypes azizange zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusebenza okuphantsi kwezi zixhobo zombane xa kuthelekiswa neendleko eziphezulu kunye nokunikezelwa kombane okungaqhelekanga.

Ukuveliswa koMbane
Iiphaneli ze-Photovoltaic zisetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo zelanga ukunika amandla izixhobo kude nothungelwano lombane (i-space probes, i-high-altitude phone repeaters, njl.).Zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezineemfuno zamandla aphantsi kangangokuba uqhagamshelo kwigridi yombane aluyi kuba noqoqosho (imiqondiso yokukhanya, iimitha zokupaka, njl. njl.).

Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngee-accumulators ezikwaziyo ukuqokelela umbane ogqithisileyo ovelisiweyo ngexesha lasemini ukunika amandla izixhobo ebusuku kunye namaxesha amafu, ngokuqhelekileyo iibhetri zelanga.

Zikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinkulu eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, nangona unikezelo lwamandla luguquguquka kwimihla ngemihla kunye neemeko zonyaka.Ngoko ke, kunzima ukuqikelela kwaye akucwangciswanga.

Oku kuyekwa kwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kwemveliso enomda obanzi wokhuseleko ongaphezu kweencopho zemfuno zonyaka.Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni yincopho yokuveliswa kwezityalo zamandla elanga ehlotyeni, iyakwazi ukukhawulelana nemfuno enkulu yangaphakathi ngenxa ye-air conditioners.

Ziziphi iiNzuzo kunye neeNgeniso zoMbane weSola?
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kubandakanya iinzuzo ezithile kunye neengxaki.

Ezona zigxeko ziphambili okanye izithintelo zezi:

Iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali ngekilowathi nganye efunyenweyo.
Inika ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukusebenza okufunyenweyo kuxhomekeke kwishedyuli yelanga, imozulu, kunye nekhalenda.Ngesi sizathu, kunzima ukwazi ukuba ngawaphi amandla ombane esiya kukwazi ukuwafumana ngexesha elithile.Le ntsilelo iyanyamalala kunye neminye imithombo yamandla, efana nenyukliya okanye amandla efosili.
Ubungakanani bamandla obuthathayo ukwenza ipaneli yelanga.Ukuvelisa iipaneli ze-photovoltaic kufuna amandla amaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa imithombo yamandla engahlaziyekiyo njengamalahle.
Kwelinye icala, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele izibonelelo zamandla elanga:

Abameli bayo baxhasa ukuncitshiswa kweendleko kunye neenzuzo ezisebenzayo ngenxa yoqoqosho lwesikali kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kwiinkqubo zelanga elizayo.
Ngokumalunga nokungabikho kwalo mthombo wamandla ebusuku, baphinda babonise ukuba i-peak ephezulu yokusetyenziswa kombane ifikeleleke emini, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokuveliswa kwamandla elanga.
Ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo.Ngamanye amazwi, ayinakuphela.
Amandla angangcolisi: ayivelisi iigesi ze-greenhouse kwaye, ngoko ke, ayinagalelo ekwandiseni ingxaki yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Umbhali: i-Oriol Planas – iNjineli yobuGcisa yezoShishino