Imitha yelanga: Iindidi, iipropathi kunye nenkcazo

Imitha yelanga: Iindidi, iipropathi kunye nenkcazo
Inkcazo ye-rala yelanga: ngamandla akhutshwa lilanga kwindawo ethengiswayo.

Xa sithetha ngenani lamandla elanga esifikelela kumphezulu weplanethi yethu, sisebenzisa i-IRradiance kunye neengqiqo ezingalawulekiyo. I-Irradiation yelanga ngamandla afunyenweyo kwicandelo ngalinye (J / M2), amandla afunyenwe ngexesha elinikiweyo. Ngokukwanjalo, i-Irradiariance yelanga ngamandla afunyenwe ngephanyazo - ibonakalisiwe kwii-watts ngemitha nganye yesikwere (W / M2)

Impendulo ye-nusion yenyukliya yenzeka kwi-nucleus yelanga kwaye ingumthombo wamandla elanga. Imisebe yenyukliya ivelisa imitha ye-elektromagnetic kwii-frequemes ezahlukeneyo okanye amazaqatha. Imisebe ye-electromagnetic isasaza kwindawo ngesantya sokukhanya (299,792 km / s).
I-Solar ye-solar ingavezwanga: Uhambo luye kwiindidi kunye nokubaluleka kwemitha yelanga
Ixabiso lesinye liyilanga rhoqo; I-solar rhoqo sisixa semitha yemitha efunyenwe ngoko nangoko kwicandelo lecandelo langaphandle lemozulu kwindiza kwindiza yelanga. Ngokomyinge, ixabiso lelanga rhoqo yi-1.366 w / m2.

Iintlobo ze-solar radaiation
Imitha yelanga yenziwe kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo zemitha:

I-Infrared Arys (IR): Imisebe ye-infrared ibonelela ngobushushu kwaye imele i-49% yemitha yelanga.
Imigca ebonakalayo (VI): imele iipesenti ezingama-43 zemitha kunye nokubonelela ngokukhanya.
I-Ultraviolet rays (i-UV ye-UV): Kumele i-7%.
Ezinye iintlobo zeerayi: zimele malunga ne-1% yeyonke.
Iindidi ze-istraviolet rays
Emva koko, imitha ye-ultraviolet (i-UV) yenziwa kwiindidi ezintathu:

I-Ultraviolet A okanye i-UVA: badlula ngokulula kwimozulu, bafikelela emhlabeni wonke.
I-Ultraviolet B okanye i-UVB: i-futshane-wavelength. Inobunzima obukhulu bokudlula kwimozulu. Ngenxa yoko, bafikelela kwindawo ye-equatorical ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kunakwinqanaba eliphezulu.
I-Ultraviolet c okanye i-UVC: i-waveeth Abadlulanga kwimozulu. Endaweni yoko, umaleko we-ozone ubamba.
Iipropathi zemitha yelanga
Imitha epheleleyo yelanga isasazwa kwi-spectrium ebanzi ye-iyunifomu engekho mthethweni kunye nobume obuqhelekileyo bentsimbi, njengoko kungumntu oqhelekileyo womzimba omnyama omodareyithi. Ke ngoko, ayigxili kwindabuko enye.

I-radiation iphezulu igxile kwibhendi yemitha okanye kwi-fight ebonakalayo ngencopho nge-500 nm ngaphandle kwemozulu yomhlaba, ehambelana nombala oluhlaza.

Ngokutsho komthetho we-Wien's, i-pitosyntheting radiation and qualiation oscillates ephakathi kwe-400 ne-700 NM, ihambelana nemitha ebonakalayo, kwaye ilingana ne-41% yemitha. Ngaphakathi kwi-photosythheting radiation, kukho i-subbband enemitha:

I-Blue-violet (400-490 nm)
Luhlaza (490-460 NM)
I-Yellow (560590 NM)
I-orenji-bomvu (590-700 nm)
Xa uwela imeko-moya, i-Solar ye-SOR nge-SOR nge-SOR ngokomfanekiso, ukuqatshelwa, ukufunxa, kunye nokuhlutha iigesi ezahlukeneyo zemomospheric ukuya kumsebenzi wexesha lokuguquguquka.

Imozulu yomhlaba isebenza njengecebo lokucoca. Inxalenye yangaphandle yemozulu inamathela kwinxalenye yemitha, ebonisa enye ngqo kwindawo yangaphandle. Ezinye izinto ezenza njengesihluzo yikharbon diokside, amafu, kunye nomphunga wamanzi, ngamanye amaxesha aguqula abe yimitha.

Kuya kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba imitha yelanga ayifani naphi na. Umzekelo, iindawo ezitshisayo zifumana ezona ramitha zelanga kuba imitha yelanga iphantse yavela kumphezulu womhlaba.

Kutheni kufanelekile i-solar?
Amandla elanga ngowona mthombo wamandla ophambili kwaye, ke, injini iqhuba indawo esihlala kuyo. Amandla elanga esiwafumana nge-Solar Fraiation inoxanduva ngqo okanye ngokuthengisela ngokungathanga ngqo kwiinkqubo zebhayoloji ezinje nge-photosynthesis, ulondolozo lweqondo lomoya lomoya liyahambelana nobomi, okanye umoya.

Amandla elanga lehlabathi jikelele afikelela kumphezulu womhlaba ngamaxesha ali-10,000 akhulu ngakumbi kunamandla aphelelwe ngabantu.

Ichaphazela njani iMpuma yeSolar?
Imisebe ye-ultraviolet inokuba nefuthe elihlukeneyo kulusu lomntu ngokuxhomekeke kubunzulu bamaza ayo kunye nobude bamaza ayo.

Imida ye-UVA inokubangela umhlaza wangaphambi kwexesha kunye nomhlaza wolusu. Inokubangela nakubangela iliso kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yomzimba.

Imitha ye-UVB ibangela ukuba i-Sunch, i-Darkency, i-fucketion yecala lolusu, i-melanoma, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu. Inokubangela nakubangela iliso kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yomzimba.

Umhlekazi we-ozone uthintela uninzi lwemitha ye-UVC evela kumhlaba. Kwintsimi yezonyango, imitha ye-UVC inokuvela kwizibane ezithile okanye i-laser ye-laser kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane okanye zinceda amanxeba. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuphatha iimeko ezithile zolusu ezinje nge-psoriaasis, i-vitiligo, kunye nee-nodules kulusu olubangela i-lymphoma ye-tlmphoma.

Umbhali: I-Oriol Chaas-Injineli yezobuchwephesha