Imitha yelanga: iintlobo, iipropathi kunye nenkcazo
Inkcazelo ngemitha yelanga: ngamandla akhutshwa liLanga kwindawo ephakathi kweeplanethi.
Xa sithetha malunga nobungakanani bamandla elanga afikelela kumphezulu weplanethi yethu, sisebenzisa i-irradiance kunye neengcamango zokukhanya.I-radiation yelanga yi-eneji efunyenwe kwindawo nganye yeyunithi (J/m2), amandla afunyenwe ngexesha elithile.Ngokunjalo, i-solar irradiance ngamandla afunyenwe ngephanyazo - ibonakaliswa ngeewatts nge square meter (W/m2)
Iintshukumo zokudibana kweNyukliya zenzeka kwinucleus yelanga kwaye zingumthombo wamandla eLanga.Imitha yeNyukliya ivelisa imitha ye-electromagnetic kumaza ohlukeneyo okanye ubude bamaza.Imitha ye-electromagnetic isasaza esithubeni ngesantya sokukhanya (299,792 km / s).
Ukukhanya kweSola okutyhiliweyo: Uhambo oluya kwiindidi kunye nokubaluleka kokusasazeka kweLanga
Ixabiso lesinye yi-solar constant;Ilanga elingaguqukiyo sisixa semitha yemitha efunyenwe ngoko nangoko kwindawo yeyunithi nganye kwindawo engaphandle yeatmosfera yomhlaba kwinqwelomoya ejonge kwimitha yelanga.Ngokomyinge, ixabiso lelanga lihlala li-1.366 W / m2.
Iintlobo zoMbane weSolar
Imitha yelanga yenziwe ngezi ntlobo zilandelayo zonyango:
Imitha ye-infrared (IR): Imitha ye-infrared inika ubushushu kwaye imele i-49% yemitha yelanga.
Imitha ebonakalayo (VI): imele i-43% yemitha kwaye ibonelele ukukhanya.
Imitha ye-Ultraviolet (imitha ye-UV): imele i-7%.
Ezinye iintlobo zemitha: zimele malunga ne-1% yetotali.
Iintlobo zeMitha ye-Ultraviolet
Ngokulandelayo, imitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) yohlulwe ibe ziindidi ezintathu:
I<em>Ultraviolet A okanye i-UVA: Zidlula ngokulula kwiatmosfera, zifike kumhlaba wonke.
I-Ultraviolet B okanye i-UVB: Ubude obufutshane.Unobunzima obukhulu bokudlula kwi-atmosfera.Ngenxa yoko, bafika kummandla we-ikhweyitha ngokukhawuleza kunobude obuphezulu.
I-Ultraviolet C okanye i-UVC: Ubude obufutshane.Azidluli kwiatmosfera.Kunoko, iozone iyawafunxa.
Iipropati zoMbane weSolar
I-radiation yelanga iyonke isasazwa kububanzi obungafanelanga amplitude kunye nokumila kwentsimbi eqhelekileyo, njengoko kuqhelekile kumzimba omnyama apho imodeli yelanga imodeli.Ngoko ke, ayigxininisi kwifrikhwensi enye.
Ubuninzi bemitha yemitha bugxile kwibhendi yemitha okanye ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nencopho ye-500 nm ngaphandle kwe-atmosfera yoMhlaba, ehambelana nombala oluhlaza oluhlaza.
Ngokomthetho we-Wien, i-photosynthetically active radiation band i-oscillates phakathi kwe-400 kunye ne-700 nm, ihambelana nemitha ebonakalayo, kwaye ilingana ne-41% yemitha iyonke.Kwimitha ye-photosynthetically esebenzayo, kukho iibhendi ezingaphantsi ezinemitha:
iblue-violet (400-490 nm)
eluhlaza (490-560 nm)
mthubi (560-590 nm)
orenji-bomvu (590-700 nm)
Xa uwela i-atmospheric, imitha yelanga iphantsi kokubonakaliswa, i-refraction, i-absorption, kunye nokusasazwa kweegesi ezahlukeneyo ze-atmospheric ukuya kwinqanaba eliguquguqukayo njengomsebenzi wokuphindaphinda.
Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba usebenza njengesihluzi.Inxalenye engaphandle ye-atmosfera ifunxa inxalenye yemitha, ebonisa enye ingaphandle ngqo kwindawo engaphandle.Ezinye izinto ezisebenza njengesihluzi yikharbon diokside, amafu, kunye nomphunga wamanzi, othi maxa wambi uguquke ube yimitha esasazekileyo.
Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba imitha yelanga ayifani yonke indawo.Umzekelo, iindawo ezitshisayo zifumana eyona mitha yelanga kuba imitha yeLanga iphantse yaphambuka kumphezulu woMhlaba.
Kutheni Imitha yeSolar iyimfuneko?
Amandla elanga ngowona mthombo wamandla kwaye, ke ngoko, injini eqhuba okusingqongileyo.Amandla elanga esiwafumana kwimitha yelanga anoxanduva ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungangqalanga kwiinkalo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zebhayoloji ezifana nephotosynthesis, ukugcinwa kobushushu bomoya weplanethi obuhambelana nobomi, okanye umoya.
Amandla elanga ehlabathi afikelela kumphezulu womhlaba mkhulu ngokuphindwe kayi-10,000 kunamandla asetyenziswayo ngoku ngabantu bonke.
Imitha yeSolar iyichaphazela njani impilo?
Imitha ye-ultraviolet inokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo eluswini lomntu ngokuxhomekeke kukuqina kwayo kunye nobude bamaza alo.
Imitha ye-UVA inokubangela ukuguga kolusu kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nomhlaza wolusu.Kwakhona kunokubangela iingxaki zamehlo kunye ne-immune system.
imitha ye-UVB ibangela ukutshiswa lilanga, ube mnyama, ukuqina kolusu olungaphandle, imelanoma nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu.Kwakhona kunokubangela iingxaki zamehlo kunye ne-immune system.
I-ozone layer ithintela uninzi lwemitha ye-UVC ukuba ifike eMhlabeni.Kwicandelo lezonyango, imitha ye-UVC inokuphuma kwizibane ezithile okanye kwilaser kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukunceda ukuphilisa amanxeba.Ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezithile zolusu ezifana ne-psoriasis, i-vitiligo, kunye namaqhuqhuva esikhumbeni abangela i-T-cell lymphoma ye-cutaneous.
Umbhali: i-Oriol Planas – iNjineli yobuGcisa yezoShishino
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-27-2023