Ngokwembono yayo yonke inkqubo yamandla, imeko yesicelo yokugcina amandla inokwahlulwa ibe yimeko ezintathu: ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lokuzala, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lomsebenzisi. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla ngokweemfuno kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokufumana ezona teknoloji zogcino lwamandla. Eli phepha ligxile kuhlalutyo lweemeko ezintathu eziphambili zokugcina amandla.
Ngokwembono yayo yonke inkqubo yamandla, imeko yesicelo yokugcina amandla inokwahlulwa ibe yimeko ezintathu: ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lokuzala, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lomsebenzisi. Ezi meko zintathu zinokwahlulwa zibe yimfuno yamandla kunye nemfuno yamandla kwimbono yegridi yamandla. I-Chwethenti yeCondo-Chwetheza ngokubanzi ifuna ixesha elide (elifana nexesha lamandla), kodwa alifuni xesha lempendulo ephezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, iimfuno zohlobo lohlobo lwamandla ngokubanzi zifuna ukubanakho ukuphendula, kodwa ngokubanzi ixesha lokukhupha alikho lide (njengokuthi zemo yenziwa kwimozulu). Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla ngokweemfuno kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokufumana ezona teknoloji zogcino lwamandla. Eli phepha ligxile kuhlalutyo lweemeko ezintathu eziphambili zokugcina amandla.
1. Icala lokuzala
Ukusuka kwimbono yecala lokuzala kwaMandla, isiphelo senkathalo sokugcina amandla sisityalo samandla. Ngenxa yeempembelelo ezahlukileyo zemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla kwigridi, kunye nokuntywila okunamandla phakathi kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okubangelwa yicala lokugcina amandla okugcina amanzi, kubandakanya ixesha lamandla elitshintshayo , iiyunithi ezinesakhono, umthwalo olandelayo, iindidi ezintandathu zemeko, kubandakanya iMigaqo ye-Roftency, amandla obugcino, kunye namandla avunyiweyo.
I-Shift yexesha lamandla
Amandla - Ukutshintshwa kwexesha lokutshintsha kwexesha lokutshintsha i-suak-hlamba kunye nokuzaliswa kwamandla ngogcino lwamandla, oko kukuthi, isityalo samandla sihlawulisa ibhetri ngexesha lokugcina umthwalo wamandla. Ukongeza, ukugcina umoya oshiyekileyo kunye namandla e-photovoltaic yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye emva koko uyokutyhubela amanye amaxesha oxhumayo kwigridi kukwakhiwa kwexesha lamandla. Amandla - Ukutshintshwa sisicelo esiqhelekileyo semikhono. Ayinazo iimfuno ezingqongqo ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, kunye neemfuno zamandla okuba ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha zibanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha lokutshintsha kwexesha kubangelwa ngumthwalo wamandla owenziwa ngumsebenzisi kunye neempawu zokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo. I-frequency iphakamileyo, ngaphezulu kwama-300 amaxesha ngonyaka.
Iyunithi yamandla
Ngenxa yomehluko kulwahlulo lombane kumaxesha ohlukeneyo, iiyunithi zamandla ezihlanjelweyo kufuneka zenze amandla e-Peak, ngoko ke isixa esithile somthamo esomeleleyo kufuneka sibekelwe ecaleni njengomthamo we-thewol Iiyunithi ekufikeleleni kumandla apheleleyo kwaye ichaphazela uqoqosho lwendlela yokusebenza. isondo. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kunokusetyenziselwa ukubiza xa umthwalo wombane usezantsi, kwaye ukwehla xa usetyenziso lombane luyicofa ukunciphisa umthwalo. Sebenzisa ifuthe lokufaka endaweni yenkqubo yokugcinwa kwamandla ukukhulula iyunithi yokusetyenziswa kwamalahle, ngaloo ndlela ukuphuculwa kwenqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwecandelo lamandla e-thermal kunye nokukhulisa uqoqosho. ICandelo leMitha sisicelo esisekwe kumandla. Ayinamfuneko eqingqiweyo ekreyini nasekukhawulezeni, kwaye ineemfuno ezibanzi ekutshatweni nasekusebenziseni amandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomthwalo wamandla oMsebenzisi kunye neempawu zombane zamandla amandla ahlaziyiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwesicelo somthamo kuphela. Phezulu, malunga nama-200 ngonyaka.
Umthwalo olandelayo
Umthwalo wokulandela umthwalo yinkonzo encedisayo eguqulelayo iguqula ibhalansi yexesha lokwenyani yokutshintsha kancinci ukutshintsha kancinci, ukutshintsha imithwalo. Ukutshintsha kancinci kwaye ukuqhubekeka ukutshintsha imithwalo kunokwahlulwa kwimithwalo esisiseko kunye nemithwalo yokulinganisa ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza kwemveliso. Ukulandelela umthwalo kusetyenziselwa imithwalo yokulinganisa, oko kukuthi, ngokuhlengahlengisa iziphumo, inqanaba lokulinganisa lezinto zemveli zinokuncitshiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. , iwuvumela ukuba iguqule iguquke kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwinqanaba lokufundisa. Xa kuthelekiswa neCandelo leMitha, umthwalo olandelayo uneemfuno eziphezulu kwixesha lokuphendula, kwaye ixesha lokuphendula lifuneka ukuba libe kwinqanaba lomzuzu.
Inkqubo fm
Utshintsho rhoqo luza kuchaphazela ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nempumelelo kunye nobomi boMbane kunye nezixhobo zoMbane, ngenxa yoko iMigaqo yeFretrong ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwisakhiwo samandla esiko, ukungalingani kwamandla okwethutyana kwegridi yamandla kulawulwa ziiyunithi zemveli (ikakhulu amandla omzimba kunye ne-hydropower kwilizwe lam) ngokuphendula kwimiqondiso ye-AGC. Ngokudityaniswa kwamandla amatsha kwigridi, ukugungqa kunye nokungakhethi komoya nomoya unciphise ukungalingani kwamandla kwigridi yamandla ngexesha elifutshane. Ngenxa yesantya semozulu ye-frequency ye-frequenction yemithombo yamandla esini Ngamanye amaxesha ukungasebenzi kakuhle njengokulungiswa okungaguquki kuya kwenzeka, ke imfuno entsha eyongeziweyo ayinakufezekiswa. Xa kuthelekiswa, ukugcinwa kwamandla (ngakumbi ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical) kunesantya semozulu ye-frequency, kwaye ibhetri inokuthi itshintshele phakathi kwentlawulo kunye nokuhambisa imithombo yemodi yolawulo lompu.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomkhondo womthwalo, ixesha lokutshintsha kwecandelo lomthwalo lenkqubo ye-frequency likwinqanaba lemizuzu kunye nemizuzwana, elifuna isantya semizuzwana (ngokubanzi kwinqanaba lecandelo le-PRORT) ngokubanzi I-AGC. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuhambahamba kwenkqubo yesicwangciso sisicelo esiqhelekileyo sohlobo, esifuna ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kunye nokukhupha ngexesha elifutshane. Xa kusetyenziswa amandla e-Electrochemical amandla, ireyithi enkulu-yokukhupha intlawulo iyadingeka, ke iya kunciphisa ubomi bezinye iintlobo zeebhetri, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ezinye iintlobo zeebhetri. uqoqosho.
Ithamsanqa
Umthamo wogcino lubhekisa kwiNdawo yokuGcina eyamandla esebenzayo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wombane kunye nokukhuseleka kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo kwimeko yemeko yexesha likaxakeka, ukongeza ekuhlangabezeni ibango lomthwalo olindelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, umthamo ogciniweyo kufuneka ube yi-15-20% yomthamo oqhelekileyo wenkqubo, kwaye ubuncinci bexabiso kufuneka lilingane nobungakanani beyunithi elona nani liphezulu elifakiweyo kwinkqubo. Kuba umthamo ogciniweyo ujolise kwiimeko zikaxakeka, i-frequency yonyaka isebenza ngokubanzi. Ukuba ibhetri isetyenziselwa inkonzo yogcino lwenkonzo yogcino lodwa, uqoqosho alunakuqinisekiswa. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuyithelekisa ngendleko zomthamo ogciniweyo wokufumanisa eyona ndleko. Isiphumo sempembelelo.
Unxibelelwano lwegridi lamandla ahlaziyiweyo
Ngenxa yokungakhethi kunye neempawu zethutyana zamandla omoya kunye nemifanekiso yombane, umgangatho wabo wamandla ubi ngakumbi kunoko kwemithombo yamandla emventi. Ukusukela ukuguquguquka kwamandla amandla ahlaziyekayo evuselelekileyo -Ukunyusa amandla okuvelisa amandla, kunye nokukhuphela amandla ahlaziyiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuze usombulule ingxaki yokulahla ukukhanya kwimifanekiso yePhotovoltaic, kuyafuneka ukugcina umbane osele uveliswe ebusuku, okwindawo yokutshintsha kwamandla. Amandla omoya, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwamandla omoya, ukukhutshwa kwegunya lomoya kuqhubela phambili kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuthi isetyenziswe kwizicelo zohlobo lwamandla.
2. Icala legridi
Ukusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla kwicala legridi ikakhulu ziindidi ezintathu: Ukuphelisa ugqithiso lokuchasana nokuchasana nokuchasa amandla kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa, kunye nokuxhasa amandla okuhambisa. yimpembelelo yokuhlala.
Ukuhambisa ugqithiso kunye nokusasazeka kokuchasa
Ukuxinana komgca kuthetha ukuba umthwalo womgca ugqitha umthwalo womgca. Inkqubo yokugcina amandla ifakwe phezulu emgceni. Xa umgca uvinjelwe, amandla ombane angangeniswanga angagcinwa kwisixhobo sokugcina amandla. I-gca Ngokubanzi, kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, ixesha lokukhulula kufuneka ukuba likwinqanaba leyure, kwaye inani lokusebenza limalunga nama-50 ukuya kwali-100. Inxalenye yezicelo ezisekwe kumandla kwaye inemifuno ethile yokuphendula, ekufuneka iphendulwe kwinqanaba lomzuzu.
Ukulibazisa ukwandiswa kosulelo lwamandla kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa
Ixabiso legridi yokucwangciswa kwegridi okanye ukuphuculwa kwegridi kunye nokwandiswa okuphezulu kakhulu. Kumsebenzi wosulelo lwamandla kunye nokusasaza apho umthwalo usondelelene khona kwinani lezixhobo, ukuba umthwalo unokuhlutha ixesha elininzi ngonyaka, kwaye umthamo uphantsi kunomthwalo okwizithuba ezithile ze-peak, inkqubo yokugcina amandla inokusetyenziselwa ukupasa umthamo omncinci ofakiweyo. Umthamo unokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo usulelo lwamandla kunye nokusasaza kwegridi, ngaloo ndlela kulibazisa iindleko zosulelo lwamandla omtsha kunye namaziko osasazo kunye nokongeza ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo ezikhoyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuphelisa ukususwa kokuchasana nokuchasana nokuchasana nokuchasana kokuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa zinendlela ephantsi yokusebenza. Ukujonga ukwaluphala kwebhetri, iindleko eziguquguqukayo ziphezulu, ke iimfuno eziphezulu zibekelwe phambili kuqoqosho lweebhetri.
Inkxaso esebenzayo
Inkxaso yamandla esebenzayo ibhekisa kumgaqo we-voltage yothungelwano ngokufaka okanye ifumane amandla asebenzayo kwicandelo lokuhambisa kunye nokusasaza. Amandla asebenza ngokwaneleyo okanye asebenza ngokugqithileyo aya kubangela ukungafihli i-gostage ye-grid, kuchaphazele umgangatho wamandla, kunye nokonakalisa izixhobo zombane. Ngoncedo lwamantshontsho entsholongwane eguqukayo, unxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zolawulo, ibhetri inokulawula i-voltage yothungelwano kunye nomgca wokusasaza ngokuhlengahlengisa amandla asebenzayo. Inkxaso yamandla esebenzayo sisicelo esiqhelekileyo sokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nexesha elifutshane lokukhululeka kodwa indala ephezulu yokusebenza.
I-3. Icala lomsebenzisi
Icala lomsebenzisi yitheminali yokusetyenziswa kombane, kwaye umsebenzisi ngumthengi kunye nomsebenzisi wombane. Indleko kunye nengeniso yesandla sombane kunye nokuhambisa kunye necala lokusasaza livezwe ngohlobo lwexabiso lombane, eliguqulweyo libe lixabiso lomsebenzisi. Ke ngoko, inqanaba lexabiso lombane liya kuchaphazela ibango lomsebenzisi. .
Ixesha lexabiso lomsebenzisi
Icandelo lamandla lahlula iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku lwamaxesha amaxesha amaninzi anje nge-piak, iflethi, kwaye ibeka amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amaxabiso ombane kwixesha ngalinye, elisebenzisa ixesha lexabiso lexesha elifanelekileyo. Ulawulo lwexabiso lomsebenzisi-sebenzisa umbane olinganayo, umahluko kuphela kukuba ulawulo lwamaxabiso-nqanaba lomsebenzisi lusekwe kwinkqubo yexabiso le-SEBENZISIWEYO LOKUGQIBELA UMXHOLO WOKWENZA UMGANGATHO WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA UMXHOLO WAMANZI, AMANQAKU Ukutshintshwa kwexesha kukuhlengahlengisa amandla esizukulwana ngokomthwalo wamandla.
Ulawulo lweentlawulo
Ilizwe lam liphumeza inkqubo yexabiso lemizi-mveliso emibini kumashishini amakhulu anemizi-mveliso kwiCandelo lokuBoniswa kweMibane Ukutya umbane. Ulawulo lweendleko Abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa inkqubo yokugcina amandla ukugcina amandla ngexesha lokusebenzisa amandla aphantsi kwaye akhuphe umthwalo ngexesha le-Peak, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa umthwalo opheleleyo kwaye afezekise iindleko zokunciphisa iindleko.
Ukuphuculwa komgangatho wamandla
Ngenxa yobume obuguquguqukayo bokusebenza komthwalo wenkqubo yamandla kunye nokungabikho komthwalo, amandla afunyenwe ngumsebenzisi aneengxaki ezinjengevoti kunye notshintsho lwangoku okanye ukuphambuka ngoku. Ngeli xesha, umgangatho wamandla uhlwempuzekile. Inkqubo ye-Roquency yeNkqubo kunye nenkxaso yamandla esebenzayo ziindlela zokuphucula umgangatho wamandla kwicala lokuhambisa amandla kunye nokudluliselwa kwelinye icala. Kwicala lomsebenzisi, inkqubo yokugcinwa kwamandla inokukwenza i-voltage egudileyo kunye nokuguquguquka rhoqo, njengokusebenzisa amandla okusombulula iingxaki ezifana ne-voltage inyukele inkqubo yefotovoltaic. Ukuphucula umgangatho wombane sisicelo esiqhelekileyo amandla. Intengiso ethile yentengiso ethile kunye nokusebenza rhoqo kuyahluka ngokwemeko yesicelo, kodwa ngokubanzi ixesha lokuphendula liyafuneka ukuba kwinqanaba le-milselecond.
Ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwamandla
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwamandla amancinci egridi, okuthetha ukuba ukusilela kwamandla kuyenzeka, ukugcinwa kwamandla kungaphelisa ukuphazamiseka kwamandla, nokuqinisekisa ukuphatha amandla . Izixhobo zokugcina amandla kwesi sicelo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthenjwa okuphezulu, kwaye ixesha elithile le-eluter lihambelana ikakhulu kwindawo yokufaka.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-24-2023