Ukususela kumbono wenkqubo yonke yamandla, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla zingahlulwa zibe ziimeko ezintathu: ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lesizukulwana, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lokuhambisa kunye nokusabalalisa, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lomsebenzisi.Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyafuneka ukuhlalutya itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla ngokweemfuno kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukufumana eyona teknoloji ifanelekileyo yokugcina amandla.Eli phepha ligxininise kuhlalutyo lweemeko ezintathu eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla.
Ukususela kumbono wenkqubo yonke yamandla, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla zingahlulwa zibe ziimeko ezintathu: ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lesizukulwana, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lokuhambisa kunye nokusabalalisa, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lomsebenzisi.Ezi meko zintathu zinokuhlulwa zibe yimfuno yamandla kunye nemfuno yamandla ngokwembono yegridi yamandla.Iimfuno zohlobo lwamandla ngokubanzi zifuna ixesha elide lokukhupha (ezifana nokutshintsha ixesha lamandla), kodwa azifuni ixesha lokuphendula eliphezulu.Ngokwahlukileyo, iimfuno zohlobo lwamandla ngokubanzi zifuna amandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokubanzi ixesha lokukhutshwa alide (njengokumodareyitha kwenkqubo).Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyafuneka ukuhlalutya itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla ngokweemfuno kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukufumana eyona teknoloji ifanelekileyo yokugcina amandla.Eli phepha ligxininise kuhlalutyo lweemeko ezintathu eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla.
1. Icala lokuvelisa amandla
Ngokwembono yecala lokuvelisa amandla, indawo yokugcina amandla emfuno yokugcina amandla sisikhululo samandla.Ngenxa yeempembelelo ezahlukeneyo zemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla kwigridi, kunye nokungafani okuguquguqukayo phakathi kokuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okubangelwa licala lomthwalo elingalindelekanga, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemeko zemfuno yogcino lwamandla kwicala lokuvelisa amandla, kubandakanywa nokutshintshwa kwexesha lamandla. , iiyunithi zamandla, umthwalo olandelayo, Iindidi ezintandathu zeemeko, kubandakanywa ukulawulwa kwe-frequency yenkqubo, amandla okugcina, kunye negridi-exhunyiwe amandla avuselelekayo.
ixesha lokutshintsha amandla
Ukutshintshwa kwexesha lamandla kukuqonda ukuchetywa kwencopho kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo yomthwalo wamandla ngokugcina amandla, oko kukuthi, umzi-mveliso wamandla uhlawulisa ibhetri ngexesha lomthwalo ophantsi wamandla, kwaye ukhupha amandla agciniweyo ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu wamandla.Ukongeza, ukugcina umoya oshiyiweyo kunye namandla e-photovoltaic yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye emva koko uwuhambise kwamanye amaxesha odibaniso lwegridi ikwalixesha lokutshintsha kwamandla.Ukutshintshwa kwexesha lamandla sisicelo esisekwe kumandla.Ayinayo imiqathango engqongqo ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa, kwaye iimfuno zamandla zokutshaja kunye nokukhupha zibanzi.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okutshintsha ixesha kubangelwa ngumthwalo wamandla omsebenzisi kunye neempawu zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo.I-frequency iphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-300 ngonyaka.
iyunithi umthamo
Ngenxa yomahluko kumthwalo wombane ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, iiyunithi zamandla ezibaswa ngamalahle kufuneka zenze izakhono zokucheba i-peak-shaving, ngoko ke umthamo othile wokuvelisa amandla kufuneka ubekelwe bucala njengomthamo wemithwalo ehambelana nencopho, ethintela amandla obushushu. iiyunithi ukusuka ekufikeleleni kumandla apheleleyo kwaye ichaphazela uqoqosho lweyunithi yokusebenza.ngesondo.Ukugcinwa kwamandla kungasetyenziselwa ukuhlawula xa umthwalo wombane uphantsi, kunye nokukhupha xa ukusetyenziswa kombane kuphezulu ukunciphisa umthamo womthwalo.Sebenzisa isiphumo sokutshintsha kwesixokelelwano sogcino lwamandla ukukhulula iyunithi yomthamo wamalahle, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe izinga lokusetyenziswa kweyunithi yamandla obushushu nokwandisa uqoqosho lwayo.Iyunithi yomthamo sisicelo esisekelwe kumandla esiqhelekileyo.Ayina mfuno zingqongqo kwixesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, kwaye ineemfuno ezibanzi ngokwentelekiso ekutshajisweni nasekukhupheni amandla.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomthwalo wamandla omsebenzisi kunye neempawu zokuvelisa amandla ombane ohlaziyiweyo, ukuphindaphindeka kwesicelo somthamo kutshintshwa ixesha.Ukuphakama ngokomlinganiselo, malunga namaxesha angama-200 ngonyaka.
umthwalo olandelayo
Ukulandelela umthwalo yinkonzo encedisayo ehlengahlengisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukufezekisa ibhalansi yexesha langempela lokutshintsha ngokucothayo, ukuguqula ngokuqhubekayo imithwalo.Ukutshintsha ngokucothayo kunye nokutshintsha ngokuqhubekayo imithwalo inokwahlulwa ibe yimithwalo yesiseko kunye nemithwalo ejikelezayo ngokweemeko zangempela zokusebenza kwejeneretha.Ukulandelwa komthwalo kusetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukukhwela imithwalo, oko kukuthi, ngokulungelelanisa imveliso, izinga lokunyuka kweeyunithi zamandla emveli lingancitshiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka., evumela ukuba iguquke ngokucokisekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwinqanaba lomyalelo wokucwangcisa.Xa kuthelekiswa neyunithi yomthamo, umthwalo olandelayo uneemfuno eziphezulu kwixesha lokuphendula lokukhutshwa, kwaye ixesha lokuphendula lifuneka ukuba libe kwinqanaba lemizuzu.
Inkqubo yeFM
Ukutshintsha rhoqo kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kunye nobomi bokuvelisa amandla kunye nezixhobo zombane, ngoko ke ukulawulwa kwamaza ombane kubaluleke kakhulu.Kulwakhiwo lwamandla emveli, ukungalingani kwamandla exeshana elifutshane lwegridi yamandla kulawulwa ziiyunithi zemveli (ubukhulu becala amandla ashushu kunye nombane wamanzi kwilizwe lam) ngokusabela kwiimpawu ze-AGC.Ngokudityaniswa kwamandla amatsha kwigridi, ukuguquguquka kunye nokungahambi kakuhle komoya kunye nomoya kubangele ukungalingani kwamandla kwigridi yamandla ngexesha elifutshane.Ngenxa yokucotha kwesantya sokumodareyitha kwemithombo yamandla emveli (ingakumbi amandla obushushu), bayasilela emva ekuphenduleni imiyalelo yokuthumela igridi.Ngamanye amaxesha ii-Misoperations ezifana nokulungelelaniswa kwe-reverse kuya kwenzeka, ngoko imfuno esanda kufakwa ayinakufezekiswa.Ngokuthelekisa, ukugcinwa kwamandla (ingakumbi ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical) kunesantya sokumodareyitha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ibhetri inokutshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo phakathi kwentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu yokumodareyitha.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokulandelwa komthwalo, ixesha lokutshintsha kwecandelo lomthwalo we-modulation ye-frequency modulation kwinqanaba lemizuzu kunye nemizuzwana, efuna isantya esiphezulu sokuphendula (ngokubanzi kwinqanaba lemizuzwana), kunye nendlela yokulungelelanisa inxalenye yomthwalo ngokubanzi. AGC.Nangona kunjalo, ukumodareyitha kwenkqubo sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sohlobo lwamandla, esifuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhupha ngexesha elifutshane.Xa usebenzisa ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical, intlawulo enkulu yokukhupha intlawulo iyafuneka, ngoko kuya kunciphisa ubomi bezinye iintlobo zeebhetri, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela ezinye iintlobo zeebhetri.uqoqosho.
umthamo osecaleni
Umthamo wogcino ubhekiselele kumandla asebenzayo ebekelwe ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wamandla kunye nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo nozinzo kwenkqubo kwimeko yongxamiseko, ukongeza ekuhlangabezaneni nemfuno yomthwalo olindelekileyo.Ngokubanzi, umthamo wogcino kufuneka ube yi-15-20% yomthamo oqhelekileyo wonikezelo lwamandla wenkqubo, kwaye ubuncinci Ixabiso kufuneka lilingane nomthamo weyunithi enomthamo omkhulu omnye ofakiweyo kwinkqubo.Ekubeni umthamo wogcino ujoliswe kwiimeko zikaxakeka, i-frequency yokusebenza yonyaka iphantsi ngokubanzi.Ukuba ibhetri isetyenziselwa ugcino lwenkonzo yodwa, uqoqosho alunakuqinisekiswa.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuyithelekisa kunye neendleko zomthamo okhoyo wogcino ukumisela eyona ndleko.isiphumo sokutshintsha.
Uqhagamshelo lwegridi yamandla ahlaziyekayo
Ngenxa yokungakhethi kunye neempawu eziphazamisayo zamandla omoya kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, umgangatho wabo wamandla ubi kakhulu kunemithombo yamandla endabuko.Ukusukela ukuguquguquka kokuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo (ukuguquguquka rhoqo, ukuguquguquka kwemveliso, njl.njl.) ukusuka kwimizuzwana ukuya kwiiyure, izicelo ezikhoyo zohlobo lwaMandla nazo zinezicelo zohlobo lwamandla, ezinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintathu: ixesha lamandla ahlaziyekayo. -ukutshintsha, ukuqina kwamandla okuvelisa amandla, kunye nokugudiswa kwemveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo.Ngokomzekelo, ukuze kulungiswe ingxaki yokulahla ukukhanya kwi-photovoltaic power generation, kuyimfuneko ukugcina umbane oseleyo owenziwe emini ukuze uphume ebusuku, oyexesha lokutshintsha kwamandla avuselelekayo.Kumandla omoya, ngenxa yokungacingeleki kwamandla omoya, imveliso yamandla omoya iguquguquka kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka igudiswe, ngoko ke isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicelo zohlobo lwamandla.
2. Icala legridi
Ukusetyenziswa kogcino lwamandla kwicala legridi ubukhulu becala ziindidi ezintathu: ukukhulula ukuxinana kosasazo kunye nokusabalalisa ukuxhathisa, ukulibazisa ukwandiswa kokuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa, kunye nokuxhasa amandla asebenzayo.sisiphumo sokutshintsha.
Ukunciphisa ukuxinana kosulelo kunye nokusabalalisa ukuxinana
Ukuxinana komgca kuthetha ukuba umthwalo womgca udlula umthamo womgca.Inkqubo yokugcina amandla ifakwe phezulu kumgca.Xa umgca uvaliwe, amandla ombane angenakuhanjiswa anokugcinwa kwisixhobo sokugcina amandla.Ukukhutshwa komgca.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, ixesha lokukhutshwa lifuneka ukuba libe kwinqanaba leyure, kwaye inani lemisebenzi li malunga ne-50 ukuya kwi-100 amaxesha.Ingokwezicelo ezisekelwe kumandla kwaye ineemfuno ezithile zexesha lokuphendula, ekufuneka iphendulwe kwinqanaba lemizuzu.
Ukulibazisa ukwandiswa kokuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa
Iindleko zokucwangcisa igridi yendabuko okanye ukuphuculwa kwegridi kunye nokwandiswa kuphezulu kakhulu.Kwinkqubo yokuhambisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla apho umthwalo usondele kwisixhobo somthamo, ukuba unikezelo lomthwalo lunokwaneliswa ixesha elininzi ngonyaka, kwaye umthamo ungaphantsi komthwalo kuphela ngamaxesha athile aphezulu, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ingasetyenziselwa ukudlulisa umthamo omncinci ofakiweyo.Umthamo unokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane, ngaloo ndlela kulibazisa iindleko zothumelo lwamandla amatsha kunye nezibonelelo zokuhambisa kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo ezikhoyo.Xa kuthelekiswa nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuxhathisa ukuxhathisa, ukulibazisa ukwandiswa kokuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nezixhobo zokusasaza kunomlinganiselo ophantsi wokusebenza.Ukuqwalasela ukuguga kwebhetri, eyona ndleko iguquguqukayo iphezulu, ngoko ke iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe phambili kuqoqosho lweebhetri.
Inkxaso esebenzayo
Inkxaso yamandla asebenzayo ibhekisa kulawulo lwamandla ombane ngokutofa okanye ngokufunxa amandla asebenzayo kwiintambo zothumelo kunye nokuhanjiswa.Amandla angonelanga okanye agqithileyo asebenzayo aya kubangela ukuhla kwamandla egridi, kuchaphazele umgangatho wamandla, kwaye nokonakalise izixhobo zombane.Ngoncedo lwee-inverters eziguquguqukayo, unxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zokulawula, ibhetri inokulawula i-voltage ye-transmission kunye nomgca wokusabalalisa ngokulungelelanisa amandla asebenzayo ophumayo.Inkxaso yamandla asebenzayo sisicelo samandla esiqhelekileyo esinexesha elifutshane lokukhupha kodwa ukusebenza rhoqo.
3. Icala lomsebenzisi
Icala lomsebenzisi yitheminali yokusetyenziswa kombane, kwaye umsebenzisi ungumsebenzisi kunye nomsebenzisi wombane.Iindleko kunye nengeniso yokuveliswa kombane kunye necala lokuhambisa kunye nokuhanjiswa zibonakaliswa ngohlobo lwexabiso lombane, eliguqulwa libe yindleko yomsebenzisi.Ngoko ke, umgangatho wexabiso lombane uya kuchaphazela imfuno yomsebenzisi..
Ulawulo lwexabiso lombane lokusetyenziswa kwexesha lomsebenzisi
Icandelo lamandla lahlula iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo afana nencopho, isicaba, kunye nasezantsi, kwaye limisela amanqanaba amaxabiso ombane awohlukeneyo ngexesha ngalinye, elixabiso lexesha lokusebenzisa umbane.Ulawulo lwexabiso lombane lokusetyenziswa kwexesha lomsebenzisi lufana nexesha lokutshintsha kwamandla, umahluko kuphela kukuba ixesha lomsebenzisi lokulawula ixabiso lombane lisekelwe kwixesha lokusetyenziswa kwexabiso lenkqubo yombane ukulungisa umthwalo wamandla, ngelixa amandla. ukutshintshwa kwexesha kukulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla ngokwegophe lomthwalo wamandla.
Ulawulo lwentlawulo yesakhono
ilizwe lam liphumeza inkqubo yamaxabiso ombane amacandelo amabini kumashishini amakhulu oshishino kwicandelo lonikezelo lombane: ixabiso lombane libhekiselele kwixabiso lombane elibizwe ngokowona mbane wentengiselwano, kwaye umthamo wombane ixabiso ikakhulu lixhomekeke kwixabiso eliphezulu lomsebenzisi. Ukutya umbane.Ulawulo lweendleko zokuxhobisa lubhekiselele ekunciphiseni iindleko zomthamo ngokunciphisa usetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela imveliso eqhelekileyo.Abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa inkqubo yokugcina amandla ukugcina amandla ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kwaye bakhuphe umthwalo ngexesha lexesha eliphakamileyo, ngaloo ndlela banciphise umthwalo opheleleyo kunye nokufezekisa injongo yokunciphisa iindleko zomthamo.
Phucula umgangatho wamandla
Ngenxa yendalo eguquguqukayo yomthwalo osebenzayo wenkqubo yamandla kunye nokungahambelani komthwalo wesixhobo, amandla afunyenwe ngumsebenzisi aneengxaki ezifana nokutshintsha kombane kunye nokutshintsha kwangoku okanye ukutenxa rhoqo.Ngeli xesha, umgangatho wamandla uphantsi.Ukumodareyithwa kwamaza eSistim kunye nenkxaso yamandla asebenzayo ziindlela zokuphucula umgangatho wamandla kwicala lokuvelisa amandla kunye necala lokuhambisa kunye nokuhanjiswa.Kwicala lomsebenzisi, inkqubo yogcino lwamandla inokugudisa i-voltage kunye nokuguquguquka rhoqo, njengokusebenzisa ugcino lwamandla ukusombulula iingxaki ezinje ngokunyuka kwamandla ombane, ukudipha, kunye ne-flicker kwinkqubo ye-photovoltaic esasaziweyo.Ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla sisicelo samandla esiqhelekileyo.Imarike ethile yokukhutshwa kunye nokusebenza rhoqo kuyahluka ngokwemeko yesicelo, kodwa ngokubanzi ixesha lokuphendula lifuneka ukuba libe kwinqanaba le-millisecond.
Ukuphucula ukuthembeka konikezelo lwamandla
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuthembeka kombane we-micro-grid, oku kuthetha ukuba xa umbane uhluleka, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunokubonelela amandla agciniweyo kubasebenzisi bokugqibela, ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kwamandla ngexesha lokulungiswa kwempazamo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokunikezelwa kwamandla. .Isixhobo sokugcina amandla kwesi sicelo kufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, kwaye ixesha elithile lokukhutshwa lihambelana kakhulu nendawo yokufakela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-24-2023