Yintoni amandla elanga?

Inkcazo yamandla elanga ngamandla avela kuyoilangakwaye sinokubamba umbulelo kwimitha yelanga.Ingcamango yamandla elanga isoloko isetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kumbane okanyeamandla ashushuefunyenwe ngokusebenzisaimitha yelanga.

Lo mthombo wamandla umela eyona nto iphambiliumthombo wamandlakwiUmhlaba.Ngenxa yokuba ingumthombo ongatshiyo, kuyaqwalaselwaumoya ovuselelekayo.

Ukusuka kula mandla, amanye amaninziimithombo yamandlazithathwa, njengale:

• Amandla omoya, asebenzisa amandla omoya.Umoya uveliswa xa iIlangaifudumeza umthamo omkhulu womoya.
• Amafutha efosili: aphuma kwinkqubo ende kakhulu yokubola kwamasuntswana aphilayo.Izibolisi zendalo ubukhulu becala yayizizityalo ezenza ifotosynthesizing.
• Amandla e-hydraulic, asebenzisa amandla anokubakho emanzini.Ngaphandle kwemitha yelanga, umjikelo wamanzi awunakwenzeka.
• Amandla avelabiomass, kwakhona, sisiphumo seiphotosynthesisyezityalo.

Olu hlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lungenye indlelaifosili yeefuwelioko akukhuphiIgesi yendlu eluhlazanjengekharbon diokside.

Imizekelo yaMandla eSolar

Abanyeimizekelo yamandla elangaziquka oku kulandelayo:

• Ifotovoltaiciiphaneli zelangavelisaumbane;ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kumakhaya, kwiindawo zokuhlala ezintabeni, njl.
• Izityalo zamandla e-Photovoltaic: zizandiso ezibalulekileyo zeepaneli zePV ezinjongo yazo kukuvelisa umbane ukubonelela ngegridi yombane.
• Iimoto zelanga zisebenzisa iiseli zePV ukuguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngumbane ukuqhuba imotor yombane.
• Izipheki zelanga: zenziwe nge-parabolic system ukugxilailanga's ukukhanya ukuya kwinqanaba ukuphakamisa iubushushukwaye ukwazi ukupheka.
• Iinkqubo zokufudumeza: ngeamandla elanga ashushu, ulwelo lunokufudunyezwa olunokusetyenziswa kwisekethe yokufudumeza.
• Ukufudumeza kwidama lokuqubha yisekethe elula yolwelo apho amanzi ajikeleza ngeseti yeabaqokeleli thermal yelangaevezwe kwiilanga.
• Iikhaltyhuleyitha: Ezinye izixhobo zombane zineencinci ezincinciiphaneli yelangaukunika amandla kwiisiphaluka sombane.
• I-Solar ventilation luhlobo lwamandla elanga asebenzisa ilangaubushushuukuvula isithuba.Ihlala isetyenziselwa amakhaya kunye nezakhiwo ukuphucula umgangatho womoya kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla.Umoya welanga ungasetyenziselwa ukukhupha umoya kwigumbi elinye okanye isakhiwo siphela.
• Ifotosinthesisi yindlela yendalo esetyenziswa zizityalo ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla ekhemikhali.

Iindidi zamandla elanga

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zetekhnoloji yamandla elanga:

• Amandla elanga ephotovoltaic: Iiphaneli zePV zelanga zenziwe ngezinto ezithi, xa imitha yelanga ibetha, ikhuphe ii-electron kwaye iveliseumsinga wombane.
• Thermal amandla elanga: Le nkqubo ithatha ithubaumthamo wobushushukwimitha yeLanga.Imitha yelanga iguqulwa ibe ngamandla ashushu ukufudumeza ulwelo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufudumezaamanzi ashushu asekhaya.Kwiizityalo zamandla obushushu belanga, umphunga uyaveliswa kwaye, emva koko, umbane.
• I-Passive solar energy sisixhobo sokusebenzisa ubushushu belanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo zangaphandle.Ngokomzekelo, abakhi bezakhiwo bayakwazi ukulungelelanisa izindlu baze bagqibe apho bafanele babeke khona iifestile, beqwalasela apho kuya kufunyanwa khona imisebe yelanga.Obu buchule bubizwa ngokuba yii-bioclimatic architecture.

Aveliswa Njani Amandla eSola?

Ukusuka kumbono womzimba, amandla elanga aveliswa eLangeni ngokulandelelana kweempendulo zenyukliya.Xa la mandla efikelela kuthi eMhlabeni, sinokuwasebenzisa ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Iiphaneli zelanga ngeiiseli photovoltaic.Iiphaneli ze-Photovoltaic zenziwe ngezinto ezinokuthi, xa zifumana ukukhanya, zifake i-ionize ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zikhuphe i-electron.Ngale ndlela, imitha yelanga iguqulwa ibe ngamandla ombane.
• Ukusebenzisaabaqokeleli belangaeziyilelwe ukuguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngamandla obushushu.Injongo yawo kukufudumeza ulwelo olujikeleza ngaphakathi.Kule meko, asinawo umbane, kodwa sinolwelo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu elinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi.
• Amandla elanga agxininisiweyo yinkqubo ebonisa konke ukukhanya kwelanga kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo ukufikelela phezuluamaqondo obushushu.Le teknoloji isetyenziswe kwizityalo ze-thermosolar zokuvelisa amandla.
• Iinkqubo zamandla elanga ezingasebenziyo zisebenzisa amandla elanga ngaphandle kokufakwa kwamandla angaphandle.Umzekelo, uyilo loyilo luvumela ubuninzi bemitha yelanga ebusika kwaye kuthintelwe ubushushu obugqithisileyo ehlotyeni.

Iintlobo zeePaneli zeSolar

Igama elithi iipaneli zelanga zisetyenziselwa zombini iindlela (i-photovoltaic kunye ne-thermal).Ngayo nayiphi na imeko, uyilo lwahluke kakhulu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetekhnoloji yelanga eza kusetyenziselwa yona:

• Iphaneli yobushushu belanga isebenzisa imitha yelanga ukufudumeza ulwelo oludlulisa ubushushu kulwelo luze lufudumeze amanzi.Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zisetyenziswa emakhayeni ukufumana amanzi ashushu.
• Iiphaneli ye-photovoltaicisebenzisa iipropathi zezinto ezithile zesemiconductor ezibekwe kwiiseli zelanga.Iiseli zelanga zivelisa amandla ombane xa ziphantsi kwemitha yelanga.Enkosi kwinto ebizwaisiphumo se-photovoltaic, ukuchanabeka elangeni kubangela ukushukuma kwee-electron kwicandelo (ngokuqhelekileyoisilicon), ukuvelisa umbane oqhubekayo.
• Iphaneli yelanga egxininisiweyo ikwasebenzisa uluhlu lwezibuko zeparabolic kunye nesakhiwo somgca.Injongo yezi zipili kukujolisa imitha yelanga kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo ukuze ifikelele kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuvelisa ukusetyenziswa komphunga waMandla eSola.
  Amandla elanga anokusetyenziswa okuninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokuthi kushwankathelwe ngamanqaku amathathu:

  Amanzi ashushu asekhaya iDHW
  Ukufudumeza kwamanzi ngelanga kusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi ashushu asekhaya (DHW) kunye nokufudumeza amakhaya kunye nezakhiwo ezincinci zezakhiwo.Izityalo zamandla elanga zakhiwe ukuze, kusetyenziswa iiinjini zomphunga, ziguqule ubushushu obugciniweyo bube ngumbane.

  Nangona kunjalo, ezi prototypes azizange zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusebenza okuphantsi kwezi zixhobo zombane xa kuthelekiswa neendleko eziphezulu kunye nokunikezelwa kombane okungaqhelekanga.
  Ukuveliswa koMbane
  Iiphaneli ze-Photovoltaic zisetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo zelanga ukunika amandla izixhobo kude nothungelwano lombane (i-space probes, i-high-altitude phone repeaters, njl.).Zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezineemfuno zamandla aphantsi kangangokuba uqhagamshelo kwigridi yombane aluyi kuba noqoqosho (imiqondiso yokukhanya, iimitha zokupaka, njl. njl.).

  Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngee-accumulators ezikwaziyo ukuqokelela umbane ogqithisileyo ovelisiweyo ngexesha lasemini ukunika amandla izixhobo ebusuku kunye namaxesha amafu, ngokuqhelekileyo iibhetri zelanga.

  Zikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinkulu eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, nangona unikezelo lwamandla luguquguquka kwimihla ngemihla kunye neemeko zonyaka.Ngoko ke, kunzima ukuqikelela kwaye akucwangciswanga.

  Oku kuyekwa kwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kwemveliso enomda obanzi wokhuseleko ongaphezu kweencopho zemfuno zonyaka.Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni yincopho yokuveliswa kwezityalo zamandla elanga ehlotyeni, iyakwazi ukukhawulelana nemfuno enkulu yangaphakathi ngenxa ye-air conditioners.

  Ziziphi iiNzuzo kunye neeNgeniso zoMbane weSola?
  Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kubandakanya iinzuzo ezithile kunye neengxaki.

  Ezona zigxeko ziphambili okanye izithintelo zezi:

  Iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali ngekilowathi nganye efunyenweyo.
  Inika ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kakhulu.
  Ukusebenza okufunyenweyo kuxhomekeke kwishedyuli yelanga, imozulu, kunye nekhalenda.Ngesi sizathu, kunzima ukwazi ukuba ngawaphi amandla ombane esiya kukwazi ukuwafumana ngexesha elithile.Le ntsilelo iyanyamalala kunye neminye imithombo yamandla, efana nenyukliya okanye amandla efosili.
  Ubungakanani bamandla obuthathayo ukwenza ipaneli yelanga.Ukuvelisa iipaneli ze-photovoltaic kufuna amandla amaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa imithombo yamandla engahlaziyekiyo njengamalahle.
  Kwelinye icala, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele izibonelelo zamandla elanga:

  Abameli bayo baxhasa ukuncitshiswa kweendleko kunye neenzuzo ezisebenzayo ngenxa yoqoqosho lwesikali kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kwiinkqubo zelanga elizayo.
  Ngokumalunga nokungabikho kwalo mthombo wamandla ebusuku, baphinda babonise ukuba i-peak ephezulu yokusetyenziswa kombane ifikeleleke emini, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokuveliswa kwamandla elanga.
  Ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo.Ngamanye amazwi, ayinakuphela.
  Amandla angangcolisi: ayivelisi iigesi ze-greenhouse kwaye, ngoko ke, ayinagalelo ekwandiseni ingxaki yokutshintsha kwemozulu.